This is a general outline for using a headless CMS (such as Contentful).
There are other ways to do this but this is fast given a suitable size delta, and will recover from failure better than webhooks:
This has the headless CMS being polled by a Static Site Generator.
The Static Site Generator knows the current state of the site and only regenerates changed items. This may require it to keep a map of dependencies between nodes. Sometimes you may need to go 3 or 4 levels deep. Store the output in S3. Serve the website from S3, which allows some customisation of the data. Use a CDN to back the website to reduce load. Purge the pages of the site that have changed after they have been written.
We managed to use a single Heroku node for the SSG and another one for the webserver.
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